Inflammatory & Functional Bowel Disorders

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a long-term condition in which the immune system causes inflammation in the digestive tract. The two main types of IBD are Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. Although IBD is a chronic condition, it can be well controlled with proper treatment and regular medical care.

Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative Colitis affects only the large intestine (colon and rectum). Inflammation usually begins in the rectum and spreads continuously to other parts of the colon.

Crohn's Disease

Crohn's Disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. Inflammation may occur in patches and can involve deeper layers of the bowel wall.

Common symptoms

• Chronic diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Mouth ulcers
• In some cases, fistulas or abscesses

Types of Crohn's Disease

• Ileal Crohn's disease – affects the end of the small intestine
• Colonic Crohn's disease – affects the large intestine
• Ileocolonic Crohn's disease – affects both small and large intestine
• Upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease – affects the stomach or upper intestine

Diagnosis of IBD

IBD is diagnosed using a combination of medical history, physical examination, and tests.

Common diagnostic methods

• Blood tests to detect inflammation and anemia
• Stool tests to rule out infections and measure intestinal inflammation
• Colonoscopy to examine the intestine and collect biopsy samples
• CT scan or MRI to assess the extent of disease and detect complications

Treatment Options

The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and prevent flare-ups.