Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy are cornerstone procedures in modern gastroenterology, allowing direct visualization of the digestive tract for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. Upper GI endoscopy evaluates the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, while colonoscopy examines the colon and terminal ileum. These procedures are essential for patients presenting with acidity, heartburn, difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, anemia, chronic diarrhea, constipation, gastrointestinal bleeding, and unexplained weight loss.

Our center uses high-definition video endoscopes, providing superior image clarity and enhanced mucosal visualization. This allows early detection of subtle inflammatory changes, ulcers, polyps, vascular lesions, and early cancers that may not be visible with standard equipment. Real-time visualization also enables precise biopsy sampling and immediate therapeutic intervention when required.

Colonoscopy plays a vital role in colorectal cancer screening and prevention, as removal of precancerous polyps significantly reduces cancer risk. Both procedures allow therapeutic interventions such as polypectomy, bleeding control, stricture dilatation, and foreign body removal during the same session, often avoiding surgery.

Procedures are performed under monitored sedation to ensure patient comfort and safety, with strict adherence to international infection control and quality standards.

ERCP is a highly specialized endoscopic procedure used for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic duct disorders. It is commonly performed in patients with jaundice, cholangitis, bile duct stones, pancreatic duct strictures, and postoperative bile leaks.

Our unit has extensive expertise in therapeutic ERCP, allowing immediate intervention during the same procedure. Common bile duct and pancreatic duct stones are safely removed using baskets and balloons, relieving obstruction and preventing infection. Plastic and metallic stents are placed to manage benign strictures, malignant obstructions, and cholangiocarcinoma.

Advanced ERCP Techniques:

SpyGlass Cholangioscopy provides direct visualization of the bile ducts, allowing precise assessment of complex strictures, hilar tumors, and indeterminate lesions.

Spy Laser Lithotripsy is used to fragment large or impacted stones that cannot be removed conventionally.

Spy Bite Biopsy enables targeted tissue sampling under direct vision, improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.

FibroScan and Shear Wave Elastography are advanced, non-invasive imaging techniques used to assess liver stiffness and liver fat content, playing a crucial role in the evaluation and monitoring of chronic liver diseases. These technologies provide accurate quantification of liver fibrosis and steatosis without the need for invasive liver biopsy.

FibroScan measures liver stiffness using transient elastography, helping detect and stage fibrosis in conditions such as fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and autoimmune liver disorders. The Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) component allows precise measurement of liver fat, aiding early diagnosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Shear Wave Elastography uses ultrasound-based technology to measure tissue elasticity in real time, offering excellent spatial resolution and the ability to assess focal as well as diffuse liver pathology. It is particularly useful for longitudinal monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.

These tests are painless, quick, and can be repeated safely, making them ideal for screening, prognostication, and follow-up. Early detection of fibrosis allows timely intervention, lifestyle modification, and treatment, significantly reducing the risk of cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and liver-related complications.

Breath tests provide a simple, non-invasive method to diagnose specific gastrointestinal disorders related to infections and carbohydrate malabsorption. These tests are safe, painless, and highly reliable when performed under standardized protocols.

The Urea Breath Test is considered the gold standard non-invasive test for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection. Accurate diagnosis and post-treatment confirmation of eradication are essential in patients with peptic ulcer disease, dyspepsia, and gastric cancer risk.

The Lactose Breath Test is used to diagnose lactose intolerance by measuring hydrogen or methane production after lactose ingestion. It helps differentiate lactose intolerance from other causes of bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Breath testing also aids in diagnosing Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO), which can cause chronic bloating, malabsorption, and unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms. Accurate diagnosis allows targeted antibiotic therapy and dietary modification, preventing unnecessary investigations and prolonged symptoms.

Biofeedback therapy is a highly effective, non-invasive treatment offered to patients diagnosed with pelvic floor dysfunction after anorectal manometry testing. Many individuals with chronic constipation, difficulty in passing stools, or a sensation of incomplete evacuation have a condition known as dyssynergic defecation , where the pelvic floor muscles fail to relax appropriately during bowel movements.

Biofeedback works by retraining the muscles and nerves involved in defecation using real-time visual and sensory feedback. During the therapy session, small sensors are placed to monitor anal sphincter pressures and muscle coordination. Patients are guided by a trained therapist to learn correct muscle relaxation, abdominal push techniques, and coordinated bowel movements.

This therapy is completely safe, does not involve medications or surgery, and has been shown to provide long-term symptom relief in a majority of patients. Biofeedback is especially beneficial for individuals who have not responded adequately to laxatives or dietary measures.

Regular sessions help improve bowel habits, reduce dependence on medications, prevent complications such as fissures and hemorrhoids, and significantly enhance quality of life. When combined with dietary counseling and lifestyle modification, biofeedback therapy offers a durable and evidence-based solution for functional anorectal disorders.

Early detection and minimally invasive treatment of gastrointestinal tumors and precancerous lesions are critical in preventing cancer progression and avoiding major surgery. Advanced endoscopic imaging and therapeutic techniques play a central role in modern GI oncology.

Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) enhances mucosal and vascular patterns, allowing early detection of subtle precancerous and cancerous lesions in the esophagus, stomach, and colon. This enables targeted biopsies and accurate surveillance.

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is an established therapy for Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia, effectively eradicating abnormal mucosa and reducing the risk of progression to esophageal cancer.

Polypectomy and endolooping are routinely performed for safe removal of colorectal and gastric polyps, preventing malignant transformation. Larger or high-risk polyps can be managed endoscopically without surgery.

Early intervention using these techniques leads to excellent long-term outcomes, reduces cancer-related mortality, and allows organ preservation with minimal recovery time.

Capsule endoscopy is a revolutionary, non-invasive technique that allows visualization of the entire small intestine, an area not easily accessible by conventional endoscopy or colonoscopy.

The patient swallows a pill-sized capsule containing a miniature camera, light source, and transmitter. As it travels naturally through the gastrointestinal tract, it captures thousands of high-resolution images, which are recorded and analyzed by the gastroenterologist.

Capsule endoscopy is particularly useful in evaluating obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, unexplained anemia, suspected Crohn's disease, small bowel tumors, polyps, and angioectasias. It is also helpful in assessing malabsorption syndromes and chronic abdominal pain when other tests are inconclusive.

The procedure is painless, requires no sedation, and allows patients to continue most daily activities. Capsule endoscopy has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy for small bowel diseases and guides further targeted therapy when needed.

POEM is a state-of-the-art endoscopic procedure used to treat achalasia cardia and other esophageal motility disorders. Achalasia occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax, leading to difficulty swallowing, chest pain, regurgitation, and weight loss.

During POEM, a tunnel is created within the esophageal wall using an endoscope, allowing precise division of the abnormal muscle fibers responsible for obstruction. This restores normal food passage into the stomach without any external incision.

POEM offers excellent symptom relief, even in patients who have failed previous treatments such as balloon dilation or surgery. The procedure is safe, minimally invasive, and associated with rapid recovery and short hospital stay.

POEM has revolutionized the management of achalasia by providing durable, long-term results with minimal discomfort. It is also effective for spastic esophageal disorders such as diffuse esophageal spasm and jackhammer esophagus.

EUS-guided biliary and gallbladder drainage procedures are advanced alternatives for patients in whom conventional ERCP is not feasible. These minimally invasive techniques provide internal drainage without the need for surgery or external tubes.

EUS-guided cholecystogastrostomy involves creating a connection between the gallbladder and stomach using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS). It is especially beneficial for high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis.

EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy establishes drainage between the bile duct and duodenum, providing effective relief from biliary obstruction due to stones or malignancy.

These procedures offer rapid symptom relief, lower complication rates, and improved patient comfort compared to percutaneous drainage. They represent cutting-edge endoscopic care for complex biliary disorders.